Spindle sliding bearing

Sliding bearings are used in high-speed or low-speed precision and high-precision CNC machine tools because of their good vibration resistance, high rotation accuracy and smooth motion.

The main shaft sliding bearing can be divided into dynamic pressure bearing and hydrostatic bearing according to the way of producing oil film. According to different fluid media, it can be divided into liquid sliding bearing and pneumatic sliding bearing.

(1) Hydrodynamic bearing

When the dynamic pressure bearing is rotated by the main shaft at a certain rotation speed, lubricating oil flows from a large gap to a small gap to form a pressure oil film, and the main shaft is floated and loaded.

(2) Hydrostatic bearing

The hydrostatic bearing consists of a special oil supply system, a throttle and a bearing. Compared with dynamic pressure bearings, hydrostatic bearings have the following advantages: high bearing capacity, high rotation precision, oil film homogenization error, improved machining accuracy, good vibration resistance, stable operation, and can work at very low speeds. It can also work at extremely high speeds with low friction and long bearing life.

The main disadvantage of hydrostatic bearings is that they require a special set of oil supply equipment, which is complicated in manufacturing process and high in cost.

(3) Hydrostatic bearings using air as a medium are called hydrostatic bearings, also known as air bearing or air bearing, and their working principle is the same as that of hydrostatic shaft. Because the viscosity of air is much smaller than that of liquid, the friction is small, the power loss is small, it can work at very high speed or very low temperature, vibration, noise is very small, rotation precision is high, life is long, basically no maintenance is needed, High-speed, ultra-high-speed, high-precision CNC machine tool spindle assembly.

(4) Magnetic bearing is a new type of high-performance bearing with special properties that cannot be compared with various conventional bearings. The magnetic bearing does not contact the surface of the journal, there is no mechanical friction and wear, no lubrication and sealing, low temperature rise, small thermal deformation, high speed, long life and low energy consumption. The basic electromagnetic feedback control system of the magnetic bearing guarantees the spindle. Rotational accuracy, stiffness and resistance can be adjusted to eliminate rotor mass balance. Rotation characteristics can be obtained by sensors and control systems for condition monitoring and diagnosis. Magnetic bearings are mainly used in the spindle assembly of the machining center.
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